The measurement of intellectual capital: analysis of the appropriate model in the organizational praxis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22567/rep.v9i1.562Keywords:
Market capitalization methods. Scorecard methods. Management. Measurement.Abstract
Knowledge, at the present time, is an essential element that contributes in the generation of competitive advantages and riches to the organizations. In this context, this study aims to identify and measure intellectual capital by the appropriate method to the civil construction organization and related activities. The methodology focuses on the quali-quantitative and descriptive approach, with the aid of documentary research and unstructured interviewing. The analysis unit comprises an industry and trade in materials, mortar for construction and asphalt roads, known as Alfa. The models of intellectual capital used in this study, based on the limitations of information available in the organization, include the market capitalization methods (Market-to-book Ratio, Tobin's q and the scorecard methods (intellectus, Skandia Navigator and Stewart). The results show that market capitalization methods are quick and simple to evaluate, because of this they are inexact and inefficient; and the scorecard methods are complex and slow for the measurement and evaluation of intellectual capital, but they cover greater breadth and depth. In this sense, it is concluded that the most appropriate method for the measurement and analysis of intellectual capital in Alfa is Skandia Navigator, since it covers a set of indicators and its result presents absolute values and reason that aid in the process of internal and external management.
References
ALMEIDA, J. E. F; LOPES, A. B; CORRAR, L. J. Gerenciamento de resultados para sustentar a expectativa do mercado de capitais: impactos no índice market-to-book. Advances in Scientific and Applied Accounting, v. 4, n. 1, p. 44-62, 2011.
ARNOSTI, J. C. M.; NEUMANN, R.; OLIVEIRA, E. D.; YOMURA, N. Capital Intelectual: Reconhecimento e Mensuração. 1.ed. Curitiba: Juruá, 2011.
BEUREN, I. M. Como Elaborar Trabalhos Monográficos em Contabilidade. 3.ed. São Paulo: Atlas, 2006.
BLANKENBURG, K. A Conceptual Framework of Intellectual Capital. In: BLANKENBURG, K. (Org.) Intellectual Capital in German Non-profit Organisations. Springer, Cham, p. 9-47. 2018.
BONTIS, N. Intellectual capital: an exploratory study that develops measures and models. Management Decision, v. 36, n. 2, p. 67-76, 1996.
BUENO, E.; REAL, H. D.; FERNANDEZ, P.; LONGO, M.; MERINO, C.; MURCIA, C; SALMADOR, M. P. Modelo intellectus: medición Y gestión del capital intelectual. Documents Intellectus, IADE, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid. 2011.
CAMPOS, E. B.; SÁNCHEZ, M. P. S.; MORENO, C. M. Génesis, concepto y desarrollo del capital intelectual en la economía del conocimiento: Una reflexión sobre el Modelo Intellectus y sus aplicaciones. Estudios de economía aplicada, v. 26, n. 2, p. 3-24, 2008.
CHEN, L.; ZHAO, X. On the Relation between the Market-to-Book Ratio, Growth Opportunity, and Leverage Ratio. Working paper series, 2006.
CUNHA NETO, J. Investimentos do Daer em rodovias atingem R$ 333 milhões em 2016. 2016. Disponível em: < http://www.daer.rs.gov.br/investimentos-do-daer-em-rodovias-atingem-r-333-milhoes-em-2016>. Acesso em: 14 de jan. 2018.
DAI, Z.; DUSERICK, F.; DAI, L. Achieving competitiveness by organizational learning: Strategy, transformation and measurement. Issues in Information Systems, v. 6, n. 2, p. 147-153, 2005.
DUMAY, J. C. Reflective discourse about intellectual capital: research and practice. Journal of Intellectual Capital, v. 10, n. 4, p. 489-503, 2009.
EDVINSSON, L. Developing intellectual capital at Skandia. Long range planning, v. 30, n. 3, p. 366-373, 1997.
EDVINSSON, L.; MALONE, M. S. Capital Intelectual: descobrindo o valor real de sua empresa pela identificação de seus valores internos. São Paulo: Makron Books, 1998.
FIJA?KOWSKA, J. Analiza porównawcza wybranych metod pomiaru i wyceny kapita?u intelektualnego. Zarz?dzanie i Finanse, v. 3, n. 1, p. 415-525, 2012.
GHOSH, D.; WU, A. Intellectual capital and capital markets: additional evidence. Journal of Intellectual Capital, v. 8, n. 2, p. 216-235, 2007.
GIULIANI, M.; MARASCA, S. Construction and valuation of intellectual capital: a case study. Journal of Intellectual Capital, v. 12, n. 3, p. 377-391, 2011.
GOGAN, M. L. An innovative model for measuring intellectual capital. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, v. 124, p. 194-199, 2014.
GONZÁLEZ, E. V.; CALZADA, M. A. H.; HERNÁNDEZ, B. C. S. Mexico's industrial sector companies: A measurement of intellectual capital and its impact on financial performance. Contaduría y Administración, v. 62, n. 1, p. 184-206, 2017.
GONÇALVES, L. S.; CUNHA, V. B.; NEVES JÚNIOR, I. J. Análise de Resultados: um Estudo Exploratório sobre a Correlação entre o Índice Market-to-book, os Índices Tradicionais de Rentabilidade e o EVA. Pensar Contábil, v. 13, n. 51, p. 17 – 25, 2011.
HUSSINKI, H.; RITALA, P.; VANHALA, M.; KIANTO, A. Intellectual capital, knowledge management practices and firm performance. Journal of Intellectual Capital, v. 18, n. 4, p. 904-922, 2017.
INTEGRAÇÃO, Escola de negócios. O Panorama do Treinamento no Brasil: Fatos, Indicadores, Tendências e Análises. 2016. Disponível em: <http://www.integracao.com.br/pesquisa-panorama-do-treinamento-no-brasil-2016.pdf>. Acesso em: 14 de jan. 2018.
JARDON, C. M.; MARTOS, M. S. Intellectual capital as competitive advantage in emerging clusters in Latin America. Journal of Intellectual Capital, v. 13, n. 4, p. 462-481, 2012.
KAMI?SKA, A. M.; PARKITNA, A.; SIA?KOWSKA, S. Intellectual Capital—Measuring the Immeasurable and Reporting. In: Information Systems Architecture and Technology: Proceedings of 37th International Conference on Information Systems Architecture and Technology–ISAT 2016–Part IV. Springer International Publishing, 2017. p. 79-93.
LINDENBERG, E. B.; ROSS, S. A. Tobin's q ratio and industrial organization. Journal of business, v. 54, n. 1, p. 1-32, 1981.
LUTHY, D. H. Intellectual capital and its measurement. In: Proceedings of the Asian Pacific Interdisciplinary Research in Accounting Conference (APIRA), Osaka, Japan. p. 16-17. 1998.
MADITINOS, D., ŠEVI?, Z. AND TSAIRIDIS, C. Intellectual capital and business performance: an empirical study for the Greek listed companies. European Research Studies Journal, v. 13, n. 3, p. 145-167, 2010.
MANZANEQUE, M.; RAMÍREZ, Y.; DIÉGUEZ-SOTO, J. Intellectual capital efficiency, technological innovation and family management. Innovation, v. 19, n. 2, p. 167-188, 2017.
MENTION, A.; BONTIS, N. Intellectual capital and performance within the banking sector of Luxembourg and Belgium. Journal of Intellectual capital, v. 14, n. 2, p. 286-309, 2013.
MILONE, M. C. M. Cálculo do valor de ativos intangíveis: uma metodologia alternativa para a mensuração do valor de marcas. Tese (Doutorado em Administração) - Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2004.
MONAGAS-DOCASAL, M. El capital intelectual y la gestión del conocimiento. Ingeniería Industrial, v. 33, n. 2, p. 142-150, 2012.
MOURITSEN, J.; LARSEN, H. T.; BUKH, P. N. Valuing the future: intellectual capital supplements at Skandia. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, v. 14, n. 4, p.399-422, 2001.
NDINGURI, E.; PRIETO, L.; MACHTMES, K. Human capital development dynamics: The knowledge based approach. Academy of Strategic Management Journal, v. 11, n. 2, p. 121-136, 2012.
RAMÍREZ, Y.; MANZANEQUE, M.; PRIEGO, A. M. Formulating and elaborating a model for the measurement of intellectual capital in Spanish public universities. International Review of Administrative Sciences, v. 83, n. 1, p. 149-176, 2017.
RICHARDSON, R. J. Pesquisa Social. 3.ed. São Paulo: Atlas, 1999.
SANTANNA, D. P.; TEIXEIRA, A. J. C.; LOUZADA, L. C. A relação entre market-to-book equity e lucros anormais no mercado de capitais no Brasil. In: XXVII ASSOCIAÇÃO NACIONAL DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO E PESQUISA EM ADMINISTRAÇÃO ENANPAD, 2003, Atibaia(SP). Anais... Atibaia(SP), 2003.
STEFANO, N. M.; CASAROTTO FILHO, N.; FREITAS, M. C. D.; MARTINEZ, M. A. T. Gestão de Ativos Intangíveis: implicações e relações da gestão do conhecimento e Capital Intelectual. Perspectivas em Gestão & Conhecimento, v. 4, n. 1, p. 22-37, 2014.
STEWART, T. Intellectual Capital: The new wealth of organizations. Nicholas Brealey Publishing, Business Digest, New York. 1997.
STEWART, T. A. Capital intelectual: A nova vantagem competitiva das empresas. Rio de Janeiro: Campus: 1998.
STOCCHE, C. Valuation: como calcular o valor da sua empresa. 2014. Disponível em: < https://endeavor.org.br/valuation-como-calcular-o-valor-da-sua-empresa/>. Acesso em: 14 de jan. 2018.
SUBRAMANIAM, M.; YOUNDT, M. A. The influence of intellectual capital on the types of innovative capabilities. Academy of Management journal, v. 48, n. 3, p. 450-463, 2005.
SVEIBY, K. A. R. L. E. The intangible assets monitor. Journal of Human Resource Costing & Accounting, v. 2, n. 1, p. 73-97, 1997.
SVEIBY, K. E. Methods for Measuring Intangible Assets. 2010. Disponível em: <http://www.sveiby.com/files/pdf/intangiblemethods.pdf>. Acesso em: 8 jan. 2018.
VAZ, C. R.; ROCHA, P. R. Z.; WERUTSKY, V. D. B. G.; SELIG, P. M.; MORALES, A. B. T. Modelos de mensuração do capital intelectual para tomada de decisão e variáveis de desempenho. Iberoamerican Journal of Industrial Engineering, v. 6, n. 11, p. 245-260, 2014.
VIDOTTO, J. D. F.; FERENHOF, H. A.; SELIG, P. M.; BASTOS, R. C. A human capital measurement scale. Journal of Intellectual Capital, v. 18, n. 2, p. 316-329, 2017.
YOUNDT, M. A.; SUBRAMANIAM, M.; SNELL, S. A. Intellectual capital profiles: An examination of investments and returns. Journal of Management studies, v. 41, n. 2, p. 335-361, 2004.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Revista Eniac Pesquisa
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
